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OBJECTIVE: We assessed the association between Gln27Glu and Trp64Arg genetic polymorphisms of the β 2 (ADRB2) and β 3 (ADRB3) adrenergic receptor genes with body mass index and other cardiovascular risk factors.METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, adult Aymara subjects (n = 152) living in the Andean regions of northern Chile were characterized with respect to their ADRB2 and ADRB3...
Glutamine (GLN) is the most abundant free amino acid (AA) in the human body. Under GLN-free conditions, which can be obtained when cells are cultivated in vitro, tissue cells cannot grow. Therefore, when classifying GLN as a ''non-essential'' AA, one must consider that in the human body GLN is synthesized from essential AAs and is continuously delivered from skeletal muscle to other organs. It is...
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the iron bioavailability of microencapsulated ferrous sulfate (SFE-171) in a diet based on powdered milk by using the prophylactic method in rats.METHODS: The SFE-171 was added into fluid milk and industrially processed into powdered milk, which was then mixed in our laboratory with a normalized diet (17.2 +/- 2.1 mg Fe/kg). A reference standard diet using ferrous sulfate...
OBJECTIVE: We respectively compared the nutritional and clinical efficacies of eucaloric and hypocaloric enteral feedings in 40 critically ill, obese patients admitted to the trauma or surgical intensive care unit.METHODS: Adult patients, 18 to 69 years old, with weights greater than 125% of ideal body weight, normal renal and hepatic functions, and who received at least 7 d of enteral tube feeding...
OBJECTIVES: We previously reported that ω-6 fat emulsion increases cytokine production in burned rats. Effects of soybean oil emulsion on surgical stress responses and lymphocyte function according to the surgical severity have not been studied in detail. We investigated the effects of soybean oil emulsion, which contains 50% ω-6 fatty acid, on postoperative stress responses and cell-mediated immune...
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of early jejunal feeding on septic complications and mortality rate in patients with acute pancreatitis in a two-phase, prospective, controlled study.METHODS: In the first, randomized phase of the study, conventional parenteral nutrition was compared with early (within 24-72 h after the onset of symptoms) enteral nutrition. Of 89 patients admitted with acute pancreatitis,...
Zinc concentration was determined in the Pakistani diet with the use of instrumental neutron activation analysis. It varied from 12.94 to 37.77 μg/g, with an average value of 22.94 +/- 5.54 μg/g, indicating a daily intake of 13.59 +/- 3.31 mg/d for a reference Pakistani man weighing 63.9 kg. These values are comparable to those recommended by the International Commission of Radiological Protection...
The effect of energy malnutrition on survival in patients with non-alcoholic viral liver cirrhosis has not been well defined. We characterized energy metabolism at study entrance and prospectively analyzed its effect on subsequent survival in cirrhotics. One hundred nine consecutive patients with viral liver cirrhosis and 22 healthy control subjects participated in the study. By indirect calorimetry...
There is an up to four-fold increase in the concentration of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates at the start of exercise. The rate of TCA cycle flux and, hence, oxidative metabolism may be limited by the concentration of the intermediates in the cycle. The dramatic decline in intramuscular glutamate at the start of exercise, in tandem with increased intramuscular alanine, suggests that...
OBJECTIVE: We previously demonstrated the beneficial effects of dietary flavonoids derived from the ethanolic extract of licorice root against atherosclerotic lesion development in association with inhibition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in atherosclerotic mice. Administration of licorice extract to normolipidemic subjects also inhibited LDL oxidation. In the present study, we extended...
The most basic mechanism of cellular protection involves the expression of a highly conserved family of essential proteins, known as heat shock or stress proteins (HSPs). The expression of these proteins after a sublethal insult can induce ''stress tolerance'' and protect against a subsequent stress that otherwise would be lethal. Experimental data have shown that preinduction of the heat stress response...
Early postoperative nutrition reduces morbidity. We investigated whether the introduction of a new postoperative analgesic and ambulation regimen with enforced mobilization from postoperative day 1 would influence postoperative nutrition intake. Nutrition intake was recorded daily by a record method and compared with the intake in a control group that received the same nutrition regimen but a traditional...
OBJECTIVE: We assessed scales of psychosocial factors and dietary habits related to vegetable consumption and examined associations of these scales with vegetable intake.METHODS: Data are from 838 adults who participated in a 1997 to 1998 Washington State random digital-dial survey designed to monitor attitudes and behavior related to cancer risk and prevention. Information was collected on psychosocial...
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